Design Nomenclature / Physical Model Making

CNC milling

Also called CNC machining, 3-axis, 5-axis, machining centre

Physical Model Making
Digital Model Making
Systems & Spec
3D

Milling driven by a toolpath rather than a hand wheel. Three axes move the tool in X, Y and Z and can only reach what a vertical spindle can see. Five axes tilt the tool or the work, reaching undercuts and holding the cutter normal to a curved surface — which is why five-axis finishes are better, not just more reachable.

Section through a domed part with an undercut lip. A vertical spindle reaches the dome but stops dead at the lip; a tilted spindle beside it reaches under and holds the cutter perpendicular to the surface.

In practice

"CNC" names the control, not the machine: routers, lathes, mills and plasma tables are all CNC. Ask which, and ask how many axes.

Not to be confused with

MillingCutting with a rotating multi-flute tool while the work moves against it, producing planes, pockets, and profiles. The side of the cutter does the work, not its tip. Depth of cut, feed rate, and spindle speed together decide whether the result is a finished surface or a scorched, chattering mess.

How this term connects

Related Confused with

In practice

Not to be confused with

Related

How this term connects

Referenced by